Therefore, in our study, we investigated the possible preventive effect of APN on NAFLD and atherosclerosis in vivo, using low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice and NLRP3−/−Ldlr−/− mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Here, VLDLR is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.