Atherosclerosis and NAFLD models were established by treatment of low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice and NLRP3−/− Ldlr−/− mice with a HFD diet (20% fat and 0.5% cholesterol) with or without APN. The gene discussed is LDLR; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.