Subsequently, the levels of miR-499-5p and SOX6 in myocardial tissues were determined using RT-qPCR, which indicated that miR-499-5p was notably downregulated and SOX6 was prominently upregulated in the AF group compared with the control group (Figure 1b, p < 0.01). The gene discussed is SOX6; the disease is atrial fibrillation.