Relative to the AF + Lv-miR + oe-NC group, the AF + Lv-miR + oe-SOX6 group had increased SOX6 levels (Figure 3c and d, p < 0.01); aggravated atrial fibrosis (Figure 3e, p < 0.05); and raised collage I, α-SMA, and TGFβ1 protein levels in myocardial tissues (Figure 3f, p < 0.05). Here, TGFB1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.