In accordance with profiles of patient-derived fibroblasts cultured alone, metaplasia- or cancer-derived fibroblasts in co-culture with gastroids remained mostly positive for PDGFRα and FBLN2 and abundantly expressed extracellular transforming growth factor–β-induced (TGFBI), whereas inflamed normal-derived fibroblasts in co-culture mainly consisted of αSMA+ cells (Figure 4E and F and Supplementary Figure 9A and B). Here, ACTA1 is linked to cancer.