However, abnormal TNF-α secretion may be harmful to neurons, as described in neuropathological contexts like PD, AD, ischemia, and infectious diseases such as Zika virus-induced encephalitis, and particularly in TBM, where hyperinflammation, caseous necrosis, and cachexia are all correlated with elevated TNF-α [183-187]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is ischemia.