TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It is well known that senescent APC affect neighboring non-senescent APC via secreted SASP factors, such as activin A, IL6 and TNFα contributing to impaired adipogenesis as well as reduced insulin sensitivity (Zaragosi et al. 2010; Xu et al. 2015a, 2015b) and also likely involved in the development of T2D.