In contrast, infection with the ΔhtrA mutant resulted in activation of FOXO1 and SYVN1, but inhibited IL1RN and S100A6. After 6-h infection, both H. pylori wt and ΔhtrA mutant led to activation of ECSIT, FOXM1, MITF, MYBL2, MYC and TRAF2 genes (Fig. 7, Tables S9 and S10). Here, IL1RN is linked to infection.