SAA1 and colitis: In liver tissue, normally expressed genes were also unaffected, but the expression of SAA1 was significantly reduced, while the expression of SAA3 was elevated, and it has been shown that elevated SAA3 protects the colonic epithelium from acute injury through TLR2-dependent induction of neutrophil IL-22 expression in a mouse model of colitis (Zhang et al., 2018).