Remarkably, only 20 GSTTKs were mutated and had a frequency greater than 1%, including NLRC5, GMIP, CXCL9, SFTPA2, COL23A1, MAP7D3, PSMB5, SOAT2, etc. They play an important role in the development and progression of HNSCC. This evidence concerns the gene COL23A1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.