IL4 and helminthiasis: These results are consistent with previous work showing that IL4 and IL13 are produced in lymph nodes by distinct populations of T cells during helminth infection (Liang et al., 2012), and that IL4 expression is regulated in vivo by distinct transcriptional mechanisms from IL5 and IL13 expression (Kim et al., 1999; Tanaka et al., 2011; Bao and Reinhardt, 2015).