A recent study has shown that fungal polymer Schizophyllan (SPG)-based nanoparticles (well-known ligand for Dectin-1 receptors) entrapping short DNA CpG ODN 1826 activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) within GBM TAMs, which in turn promotes the synthesis of Th1-type cytokines such as IL-1β, IFN-γ, iNOS, and TNF-α and further restricts tumor growth [137]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.