CXCL1 and glioblastoma: In concordance, a recent study demonstrated that the transcripts of seven chemokines, including CCL2, CCL8, CCL18, CCL28, CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL13 were highly expressed in GBM, which was also evidenced with a large immune cell infiltrate and it was accompanied by worse GBM patient outcomes [71].