LDHA and breast cancer: Furthermore, SFN exposure to breast cancer cells reduced ATP and lactate levels, which may be judged by AMPK activation, while SFN decreased the level of phospho-Akt without affecting glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and pyruvate kinase isoform 2 (PKM2).