In response, CAFs then secrete chemokines, cytokines (e.g., IL-6), growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), exosomes, and metabolites to instruct cancer cells and other TME components that promote angiogenesis and recruit immunosuppressive cells for immune cell evasion; thus further promoting PDAC progression [32,42,43]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.