Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has shown a more favorable response/toxicity ratio compared to the blockade of CTLA-4, which has led to the approval of various antibodies against PD-1 and PD-L1 for the treatment of different malignancies, including CRC, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [7,23]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and esophageal cancer.