GABARAPL1 and renal cell adenocarcinoma: Similarly, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been used to study the role of GABARAPL1, an autophagy-related gene, during TGF-β/TNF-α-triggered EMT in LC and kidney adenocarcinoma cell lines [81]; in LC cells, KO GABARAPL1 occurred during the induction of EMT via a defective GABARAPL1-mediated autophagic degradation of the SMAD proteins, proposing the possible role of GABARAPL1in a negative EMT-regulatory loop [81].