TGFB1 and lung adenocarcinoma: During tumorigenesis, both infiltrating inflammatory and tumor cells release cytokines and growth factors that sustain tumorigenesis [14]; for example, it was observed that IL-6 and IL-8 are more strongly upregulated in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma of the lung, whereas TGF-β and IL-8 are relevant in pulmonary onset and metastasis [15].