MAPK1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: TGF-β-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2) phosphorylation triggered the EGFR–RAS–ERK signaling pathway to enhance the stemness of lung adenocarcinoma cells, thus promoting its progression; by silencing TGIF2, there is a decrease of cancer stem cell-like properties in NSCLC cells [54].