Considering the pulmonary district more widely, Turini et al. [28] showed, that human mesothelial cells incubated with TGF-β or asbestos fibers, a risk factor of LC and malignant pleural mesothelioma development, underwent EMT via the Smad-dependent pathway and its downstream effectors, highlighting the action of TGF-β as a mediator in inducing EMT [28]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to malignant pleural mesothelioma.