The article’s main focus will be a meticulous review of recent advances in biomarkers, including common biomarkers like PD-L1, dMRR/MSI, TMB, and EBV-positive status, as well as emerging ones like tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), specific genetic mutations, gut microbiota, and liquid biopsy biomarkers (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.