In NHW females diagnosed with EEC, tumors had significantly higher levels of 16:0, 22:0, 24:1, and 24:0 ceramide (Figure 3E); 16:0, 22:0, 24:1, and 24:0 monoHexCer (Figure 3F); 22:0, 24:1, and 24:0 SM (Figure 3G); 16:0, 24:1, and 24:0 lacCer (Figure 3H); and So and Sa (Figure 3V), but not of So-1-P or Sa-1-P (Figure 3V). This evidence concerns the gene STAG1 and exstrophy-epispadias complex.