PAK1 and posterior cortical atrophy: PAK1 is absent in normal prostate and prostatic epithelial cells but is expressed in PCa cells and correlates with increased invasive potential in cells and Gleason Score in patients. PAK1 suppression by IPA-3 and/or SSL-IPA3 inhibits tumor growth, EMT, metastasis to the lungs, and PCa cell-induced bone remodeling.