CSF1R and colorectal carcinoma: CRC cell-derived lactate increases the expression of CXCL10 and cadherin-11 in CD115+ precursors via the PI3K-AKT-CREB pathway and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, resulting in the formation of osteolytic lesions and a metastatic niche that promotes bone metastasis of CRC [39].