Finally, to evaluate the expression of NRPs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), we conducted an mIHC experiment on human PAAD tumor samples, which showed that NRP1 and NRP2 were widely expressed in numerous cell types, including tumor cells (panCK+), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF, α-SMA+), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM, CD68+), CD8+ T cells (CD8+) and CD4+ T cells (CD4+) (Figure 2A,B), and the specific statistics are shown in Figure 2C,D. Here, NRP1 is linked to neoplasm.