Given the important influence of non-tumor components on PAAD, we also investigated the total abundance of immune and stromal cells in individual PAAD samples using the ESTIMATE method, and found that the immune, stromal, and estimated scores were higher in the high NRP1 expression group (p < 0.001, Supplementary Figure S4E), but NRP2 expression was only significantly correlated with the stromal score (p < 0.05, Supplementary Figure S4F). The gene discussed is NRP1; the disease is neoplasm.