Interestingly, the presence of lymphocytes positive for PD-1 and tumor cells positive for programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and/or PD-L2 in the invasive margin of ccRCC was correlated with the shortest DFS, OS and higher risk of post-surgical cancer progression [168]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.