In the end, it appears to be a chicken-and-egg situation: do cells first acquire the capability to push through the basal lamina and then remodel the stroma, e.g., by recruiting CAFs, or do the epithelial cells first acquire the ability to recruit CAFs and other cells, which then open up the basal lamina and allow cancer cells to invade [179]? This evidence concerns the gene TBX1 and cancer.