Using CD68 (pan-MΦ), CD80 (M1 MΦ), CD163 (M2 MΦ), and a simple binary model of macrophage phenotype (M1-CD80 versus M2-CD163), they could only observe a significant increase in CD163+ cells in dysplastic leukoplakias, while CD68 and CD80 remained the same. The gene discussed is CD68; the disease is leukoplakia.