As has been described for leukaemia cells (see above), activation of OXPHOS by DCA has been reported to induce an increase in NRF2 and ERK5, NQO-1 and HO-1 mRNA levels in two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (Huh7 and HepG2) and in primary human hepatocytes. The gene discussed is MAPK7; the disease is leukemia.