TGFB1 and osteoarthritis: In addition to modulating the effects of RPE–EMT on the expression of axon guidance-related molecules, we found that BAY651942 treatment also modulated a number of other signaling pathways, including ILK signaling, BMP signaling, coagulation pathway, TGF–β signaling, osteoarthritis pathway, RAR (retinoic acid receptor) activation, and IL-8 signaling (Figure 3A, Supplementary Materials Table S3).