VEGFA and Intraventricular hemorrhage: Poggi et al. [43] reported in a retrospective study conducted on preterm neonates (n = 342) with a gestational age ≤ 28 weeks that the allele frequency and genotype distribution of VEGFA polymorphisms and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes may independently affect birth weight and gestational age and act as protective or risk markers for prematurity complications, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).