Meta-analyses showed that patients with AN exhibited elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-10, epidermal growth factor (EGF), interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, and IL-1β in comparison to healthy controls, indicating the development of a chronic proinflammatory status [95,96,97], which in turn may have propelled the SLE manifestations. Here, TNF is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.