TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: It was further shown that in patients with NAFLD, the hepatic/renal echo intensity ratio (H/R) correlated positively with fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations as well as OGTT, HOMA-IR, β cell function, and plasma IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, FGF and GCSF concentrations.