NFE2L2 and neoplasm: However, it is important to note that there is no difference in the mechanism in which NRF2 promotes cell protection, and that the only difference is in the scenario in which the cell is protected: for normal cells, NRF2 activation occurs in a controlled and transient manner, whereas for tumor cells, NRF2 is constitutively activated, conferring cytoprotection and leading to chemotherapy resistance [42].