Due to their ability to secrete proangiogenic factors, BM-MSCs were transplanted for therapeutic purposes into the gastric wall in a rat model of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer; BM-MSCs expressed both VEGF and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which stimulates gastric epithelial proliferation—but only VEGF-induced angiogenesis could be tested as a possible mechanism of rapid gastric ulcer healing [50]. Here, VEGFA is linked to gastric ulcer.