Keane et al. [398] and Voet et al. [215] showed that following NLRP3 inflammasome activation, there occurred an increased IL-1β gene expression within MS demyelination plaques coupled with elevated levels of ASC, caspase-1, and IL-18 in the brains and cerebrospinal fluids of MS patients. This evidence concerns the gene PYCARD and myeloid sarcoma.