Therefore, the authors posited that the ATP•P2X4-R signaling drives NLRP3 inflammasome’s activation, which next regulates glial cell activation, nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration, and dopamine levels (Figure 3; see also more details and the literature in Box 2) However, here one should be wary of extrapolating these data to PD patients. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and Parkinson disease.