Previously, Miyara et al. found that, based on CD45RA expression, ‘naïve’ Tregs (CD45 RA+ FoxP3 lo) could be divided from effector-type Tregs (CD45 RA– FoxP3 hi) and cytokine-secreting CD45 RA–FoxP3 lo non-suppressive T cells [37]. The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.