The AOPPs are increased in rat lumbar and caudal degenerative discs, and exposure of AOPPs upregulate senescence markers (p53, p21 and p16INK4a) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) in a rat model of IDD using AF cells [49]. The gene discussed is CDKN1A; the disease is intervertebral disk degenerative disorder.