RAC1 and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: In IL-1β treated NP cells, the senescence and degenerative changes are driven by Rac1 through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway while use of a Rac1 inhibitor (NSC23766) could alleviate the degenerative changes associated with IL-1β-treated NP cells as well as in a puncture-induced IDD rat model [117].