Analysis of tumor samples from 453 patients showed that most CD8 TILs were IL-9R+ and IL-9 expression in TME was correlated with elevated CD8 T-cell infiltration and function, as illustrated by elevated secretion of effector molecules (IFNγ, perforin, granzyme) and reduced expression of inhibitory receptors. The gene discussed is IL9R; the disease is neoplasm.