In addition, individual plasma markers of inflammation and fibrosis, such as TNFR1, TNFR2, and YKL-40, as well as tubular damage markers such as KIM-1 have been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy in adults with DM and GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 [69]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1A and diabetes mellitus.