CDH1 and carcinoma: Since CDH1/E-cad upregulation is widespread in carcinomas (Figs. 1, 4, and 5) and the levels remain elevated as tumors progressed to later stages across most carcinoma types (Figs. 2 and 4E, and Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2—Additional file 1), the effect of higher levels of CDH1 mRNA on carcinoma patient’s survival (Fig. 8) suggest that the role of E-cad on carcinoma development and progression is more complex than previously thought and warrants further investigation.