Among the tested carcinoma tissues, E-cad levels were significantly upregulated in breast, endometrial, ovarian, and lung carcinomas (Fig. 4A), and remained unchanged in colon and head/neck carcinomas (Fig. 4B); the levels of E-cad were significantly downregulated only in kidney, pancreatic, and liver carcinomas (Fig. 4C). The gene discussed is CDH1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.