Among the tested carcinoma tissues, E-cad levels were significantly upregulated in breast, endometrial, ovarian, and lung carcinomas (Fig. 4A), and remained unchanged in colon and head/neck carcinomas (Fig. 4B); the levels of E-cad were significantly downregulated only in kidney, pancreatic, and liver carcinomas (Fig. 4C). Here, CDH1 is linked to head and neck carcinoma.