For the patients with carcinomas that had upregulated CDH1 mRNA, including endometrial, pancreatic, ovarian, lung, colon, and breast carcinomas (Fig. 1A), cancer patients with tumors that expressed higher levels of CDH1 mRNA (n = 1,298) fared significantly better than those with tumors that expressed lower levels of CDH1 mRNA (n = 1,298) with better OS and DFS (p = 0.0018 and 1.3E-09, respectively) (Fig. 8B-C). Here, CDH1 is linked to cancer.