Interestingly, a comparison of the individual TWAS results in the two sexes revealed only 42 genes with a consistent TWAS-significant (pcorr < 0.05) association at gene or transcript level (10.91%) in both males and females, and 13 genes (including EPN2, CORO1A, ATP5B, TCF25, MARS, KIAA0319L, ADAMTSL4) associated with schizophrenia with opposite sign in male and female placentae (Fig. 2e–g, Supplementary Data 22). Here, ATP5F1B is linked to schizophrenia.