TXNIP and Hyperglycemia: Previous studies suggested that hyperglycemia might contribute to DKD by increasing the level of inflammatory factors via upregulating the expression of TXNIP through histone modifications, such as increase in H3K9ac, H3K4me3, and H3K4me1, and decrease in H3K27me3 at TXNIP promoter region, whereas the contributory roles of DNA methylation required further elucidation37,38.