Two important examples of these KELCH proteins are the human intracellular NS1-binding protein (NS1-BP) targeted by NS1 protein of Influenza A virus during infection (Wolff et al. 1998) and the KELCH K13-propeller protein in Plasmodium falciparum where SNPs are associated with artemisinin resistance, which limits the eradication of malaria in areas where these mutations are highly prevalent, for example, Southeast Asia and China (Ménard et al. 2016). Here, IVNS1ABP is linked to malaria.