Similar findings were observed in high blood flow-induced PAH and chronic hypoxia models (Fan et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2016; Ye et al., 2022) and also using gene therapy, inhalation of an adenovirus carrying a phosphorylation-deficient survivin mutant with dominant-negative properties, in the monocrotaline-induced PH rat model by McMurtry et al. (McMurtry et al., 2005). The gene discussed is BIRC5; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.