S100B is increased in several neurodegenerative diseases, where it has been postulated to be induced by microglial cytokines and to cause both intracellular and extracellular effects that lead to neurotoxicity (Sheng et al., 1994; Mrak and Griffin, 2001; Sathe et al., 2012; Serrano et al., 2017). Here, S100B is linked to neurodegenerative disease.