ESR1 and scoliosis: To investigate the function of ESR1 in muscle stem/progenitor cells, the freshly isolated human muscle stem/progenitor cells from no scoliosis participants were treated with ESR1 agonist 4,4′,4′′-(4-Propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT) and ESR1 antagonist 1,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-[4-(2-piperidinylethoxy)phenol]-1H-pyrazole dihydrochloride (MPP), respectively.