HLA-C and neoplasm: HLA/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and PD-L1 are two representative immunophenotype proteins that mediate tumor cell immune escape.6,7 Studies have suggested that downregulation of HLA/MHC expression reduces the immunogenicity of tumor cells, which leads to T-cell activation,8 while upregulating PD-L1 expression leads to T-cell immunosuppression.9 These hypotheses suggest that intervention of the acquisition of two important aforementioned phenotypes may play a critical role in tumor immunoediting.