IGHE and melanoma: These findings are consistent with potential activities of monocytes and macrophages, and pro-inflammatory signals, including elevated TNF production, which were also observed with CSPG4 IgE stimulation of human monocytes ex vivo (Fig. 4c, e) and with human immune cell infiltration in melanoma xenografts of mice treated intravenously with CSPG4 IgE (Fig. 5d).