Although ITF2 loss could not affect any morphological changes and colon length in endogenous conditions (Supplementary Fig. S11A–C), ITF2∆IE mice were more susceptible to chronic inflammation, which was induced by AOM and DSS treatment, as confirmed by the loss of body weight, survival ratio, colon length, tumor numbers, and tumor sizes (Fig. 6D–J). The gene discussed is TCF4; the disease is infectious otitis media.