LCN2 and Sepsis: In a subgroup of patients with sepsis at CVVHDF initiation (n = 78), the difference in urinary NGAL and plasma IL-6 levels between the nonsurvivors and survivors remained significant (NGAL: 2997 [IQR: 1276–5158] vs. 968 [277–3311], p = 0.02; IL-6: 6427 [474–32875] vs. 251 [59.6–2528] pg/ml, p < 0.01, Additional file 1: Figure S1 A), although values were higher in the septic cohort compared to the overall cohort.