CERS6 and pancreatic insulinoma: The induction of the UPR, using the pharmaceutical compound thapsigargin, in pancreatic β‐cell‐derived insulinoma cells induced the expression of the ceramide synthetic enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase,[42] and increased intracellular ceramide concentrations resulting in apoptosis.[42] In a corroboratory study in insulinoma cells, induction of the UPR using dithiothreitol (DTT) also increased the cellular ceramide concentration through an increase in CerS6 expression.[43] Tam et al.