More than 50 genes associated with DCM have been reported; nevertheless, previous studies have indicated that variants in 17 genes (viz, MYH7, DMD, DSP, VCL, DES, LDB3SCN5A, ACTC1, NEXN, TNNT2, RBM20, PLN, LMNA, TPM1, TNNC1, BAG3 and TTN) constitute the majority of candidate causal and likely candidate causal alterations in DCM.88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95. This evidence concerns the gene DES and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.