Importantly, sporadic ChRCCs and sporadic oncocytomas were further clustered into two distinct clusters, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis identified L1CAM, FOXI1 and its downstream gene, ATP6V0D2 as molecular markers for these distinct clusters (Group1 and 2) (Fig. 1, Fig. 2b, Fig. 1, Fig. 2a and Fig. 1, Fig. 2b) (Supplementary Dataset 3). Here, L1CAM is linked to oncocytic adenoma.