,16 Of note, our single-cell transcriptome analysis has uncovered transcriptomic intra-tumour heterogeneity in BHD-associated HOCT, comprised of two distinct cell clusters of L1CAM expressing cells and FOXI1 expressing cells in which expression patterns of Notch signalling-associated genes were different, suggesting that expression patterns of L1CAM and FOXI1 determined by Notch signalling may associate with diverse molecular characteristics of renal tumours (Fig. 2c) (Supplementary Fig. S1a).17 Here, L1CAM is linked to neoplasm.