The exacerbated secretion of CXCL-13 and VEGF-1 (vascular endothelial growth factor-1) by mutated TFH-cells promote the expansion and proliferation of FDC and high endothelial venules (HEV) commonly found in AITL (31). Here, CXCL13 is linked to angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.