VAV1 and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: Many other loss-of-function mutations, such as those involving the DNMT3A (DNA methyl-transferase 3A) gene, found in 10-40% of AITL, and mutations in genes associated with the TCR signaling pathway, such as PLCG1, CD28, VAV1 and FYN, found in up to 50% of AITL also contribute to the development of the malignant phenotype in nMTCL-TFH-phenotype, although the latter are also frequently observed in PTCL, NOS and ATLL cases (25, 66, 70, 71).