PDCD1 and neoplasm: The mainstay of systemic treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) is PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in patients without therapeutically actionable tumor genomic aberrations, including epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocations, or ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusions (10–12).