Based on the TCGA-KIRC dataset, the mRNA expression levels of IRF1/2/3/4/5/7/8/9 in 539 ccRCC samples were significantly higher than those in 72 normal samples, whereas the mRNA expression level of IRF6 in 539 ccRCC samples was significantly lower than that in 72 normal samples (Figure 1A). Here, IRF6 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.