TNF and cancer: Moreover, KEGG pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, T cell receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer (Figure 4H).